Efektivitas Ekstrak Belimbing Wuluh (Avorrhea Belimbi L.) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Dan Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Pada Tikus Putih Hiperkolesterolemia

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor resiko penyakit jantung koroner. Secara farmakologi obat standar untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah simvastatin dan obat tradisional yang dapat digunakan salah satunya adalah buah belimbing wuluh. Buah belimbing wuluh memiliki kandungan aktif flavonoid, pektin, niasin dan vitamin C yang dapat memperbaiki profil lipid.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak belimbing wuluh terhadap kadar kolesterol dalam darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Sprague Dawley hiperkolesterilemia.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan pre and posttest control group design. Hewan coba 30 tikus jantan setelah diinduksi pakan tinggi kolesterol, dibagi secara acak kedalam 5 kelompok (n=6), yaitu satu kelompok kontrol negatif, satu kelompok kontrol postif diberi simvastatin dosis 0,18 mg/200gramBB, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, 3 diberi ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh 80 mg/200gramBB, 160 mg/200gramBB, dan 320 mg/200gramBB selama 2 minggu.
Hasil: Hasil menunjukan penurunan kolesterol total secara bermakna pada kelompok K+, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2 dan 3 (77.438 mg/dl, 15.993 mg/dl, 48.435 mg/dl, 68.538 mg/dl dengan p<0.05). Peningkatan HDL secara bermakna pada kelompok K+, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2 dan 3 (40.780 mg/dl, 9.830 mg/dl, 25.133 mg/dl, 37.483 mg/dl dengan p<0.05). Penurunan LDL secara bermakna pada kelompok K+, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2 dan 3 (55.038 mg/dl, 23.015 mg/dl, 36.193 mg/dl, 51.540 mg/dl dengan p<0.05).
Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak belimbing wuluh terbukti menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan peningkatan HDL pada tikus putih hiperkolesterol.
Kata Kunci: Ekstrak belimbing wuluh, HDL, Kolesterol Total, LDL.

ABSTRACT
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia could be done pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. By pharmacologically, standard medicine for hypercholesterolemia is simvastatin and one of traditional medicine that can be used is bilimbi. Bilimbi has active contents such as flavonoids, pectin, niacin, and vitamin C which can repair lipid profile.
Objectives: To know the effectiveness of bilimbi’s (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) extract on total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley strain’s blood.
Methods: This study used an experimental research design with pretest posttest control group. 30 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) after induced by high cholesterol diet, there is negative control group, positive control group was given simvastatin with 0,18 mg/200gramBW, treatment group 1, 2, 3 were given
bilimbi’s extract 80 mg/200gramBW, 160 mg/200gramBW, 320 mg/200gramBW
for 2 weeks.
Results: Results showed decreased of total cholesterol significantly in K+ group, treatment group 1, 2 and 3 (77.438 mg/dl, 15.993 mg/dl, 48.435 mg/dl, 68.538 mg/dl with p<0.05). HDL increased significantly in K+ group, treatment group 1, 2, and 3 (40.780 mg/dl, 9.830 mg/dl, 25.133 mg/dl, 37.483 mg/dl with p<0.05). LDL decreased significantly in K+ group, treatment group 1, 2, and 3 (55.038
mg/dl, 23.015 mg/dl, 36.193 mg/dl, 51.540 mg/dl with p<0.05).
Conclusion: Extract of bilimbi’s (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is effective to decrease total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL increase in white rats (Rattus novergicus).
Keywords : Averrhoa Bilimbi L. Extract, HDL, LDL, Total cholesterol