Angka Kejadian dan Gambaran Rinitis Alergi dengan Komorbid Otitis Media di Poliklinik Rinologi Alergi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin
Abstract
Latar Belakang : Otitis media adalah adalah peradangan mukosa telinga tengah,tuba eustachius,antrum mastoid dan sel mastoid. Otitis media merupakan komorbiditas dari rinitis alergi. Rinitis alergi adalah gangguan hidung yang disebabkan oleh reaksi peradangan mukosa hidung diperantarai oleh imunoglobulin E (IgE) yang ditandai dengan gejala hidung yaitu hidung tersumbat rinorea, bersin atau gatal.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui angka kejadian dan gambaran rinitis alergi dengan komorbid otitis media Metode : Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif cross-sectional dilakukan di poliklinik Rinologi-Alergi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL RS Dr Hasan Sadikin selama periode Januari 2013-Juni 2014, pada 83 pasien rinitis alergi dengan otitis media rentang umur 5-55 tahun. Diagnosis berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, nasoendoskopi, otoskopi, timpanometri, audiometri dan pemeriksaan tes kulit tusuk. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan otitis media akut 33,7%,otitis media efusi 42,2% dan otitis media supuratif kronis 24,1%. Tingkat berat gejala rinitis alergi pada penelitian ini adalah ringan intermiten 21,7%,ringan pesisten 14,5%, sedang-berat intermiten 7,2%, sedang-berat persisten 56,6%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gejala hidung tersumbat pada rinitis alergi dengan komorbid otitis media akut (p= 0,02), otitis media efusi (p =0,03), otitis media supuratif kronik (p =0,032). Hasil tes fungsi tuba dengan gangguan fungsi tuba 89,2%. Terdapat 81,9% menderita tuli konduktif pada telinga kanan dan 78,3% telinga kiri .Kesimpulan: Insidens rinitis alergi dengan otitis media 36,7%. Rinitis alergi dengan otitis media efusi 42,2%,Otitis media akut 33,7%, dan otitis media supuratif kronis 24,1. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara hidung tersumbat pada rinitis alergi dengan otitis media
Kata kunci: rinitis alergi, otitis media akut, otitis media efusi,otitis media supuratif kronis
Background : Otitis media is an inflammation of the mucosa of the middle ear, eustachian tube, mastoid antrum and mastoid cells. Otitis media is a comorbidity of allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is a nasal disorder caused by reaction inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) that is characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing or itching. Purpose: To investigate the incidence and characteristic of allergic rhinitis with comorbid otitis media population Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted a Rhinology-Allergy clinic of ORL-HNS Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital during the period of January 2012 -June 2014 involved 83 patients, in age 5-55 years. Diagnosis is based on history,physical examination,nasoendoscopy,otoscopy, tympanometry, audiometry and skin prick test. Results: In this study, we found acute otitis media 33,7%, otitis media effusion 42,2%, and chronic suppurative otitis media 24,1%.Severe levels of symptoms of allergic rhinitis and otitis media, mild intermittent 21,7%, mild persistent 14,5%, moderate-severe intermittent 7.2%, moderate-severe persistent 56.6%.There is a significant relationship between nasal congestion with acute otitis media (p= 0,02), otitis media with efusi (p =0,03), chronic supurativa otitis media( p =0,032). Eustachian tube function test in otitis media with abnormal 89,2%. There were 81.9% suffer from conductive hearing loss in the right ear and 78.3% in left ear. Conclusion: The incidence of otitis media with comorbid allergic rhinitis 36,7%, acute otitis media 3,7%, otitis media effusion 42,2%, and chronic suppurative otitis media 24,1%. There is a significant relationship between nasal congestion and otitis media
Key words: allergic rhinitis, acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media
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