Refleksi Diri dalam Pendidikan Kedokteran

Authors

  • Vivi Meidianawaty Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

Abstract

Refleksi adalah proses metakognisi yang menciptakan pemahaman dengan lebih baik mengenai diri dan situasi sehingga tindakan yang akan datang didasari oleh pemahaman ini. Refleksi diri merupakan bagian dari pencapaian kompetensi mawas diri, penerapan dari belajar sepanjang hayat (lifelong learning) dan  self regulated yang menjadi aspek penting dalam pengembangan profesionalisme. Refleksi diri ataupun penilaian diri merupakan bagian yang terpenting dan merupakan salah satu keunggulan self regulated learning. Refleksi diri harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa dalam proses belajar sehingga mampu mencapai hasil yang lebih optimal. Pada tahap refleksi observasi mahasiswa diminta untuk  mengamati kembali pengalaman dari aktivitas belajar mereka yang telah dijalani. Selanjutnya mahasiswa merefleksikan pengalamannya dan dari hasil refleksi ini mereka akan menarik pelajaran sebagai sebuah pemahaman baru yang akan diterapkan pada pengalaman berikutnya. Untuk mendorong proses refleksi diperlukan adanya feedback dari dosen atau pembimbing. Feedback akan membantu mahasiswa untuk mendeskripsikan kembali pengalaman yang diperolehnya, mengkomunikasikan kembali dan belajar dari pengalaman tersebut melalui. Masih lemahnya kesepakatan mengenai cara penilaian refleksi merupakan suatu hambatan karena penilaian diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi keefektifan dari strategi pendidikan dan untuk tujuan penelitian. Penilaian juga memiliki pengaruh sebagai sumber feedback (penilaian formatif) dan menentukan yang telah dicapainya tingkat kompetensi (penilaian sumatif). Terdapat beberapa  metode penilaian refleksi yang telah dikembangkan diantaranya yaitu Mayo Evaluation of Reflection on Improvement Tool (MERIT) dan The Reflection Evaluation for Learners’ Enhanced Competencies Tool (REFLECT). Metode MERIT dirancang untuk mengukur kualitas refleksi residen pada situasi yang tidak menyenangkan. Instrumen pada MERIT memiliki validitas dan konsistensiti internal tinggi untuk mengukur beberapa dimensi refleksi diri, refleksi sistem dan manfaatnya. Metode REFLECT  adalah sebuah rubrik baru yang dikembangkan untuk menilai level refleksi mahasiswa. Merupakan pendekatan yang inovatif dan komprehensif karena memasukkan berbagai aspek yang mendasari refleksi, dibandingkan dengan desain-desain penilaian untuk refleksi yang telah ada. Ketika digunakan dengan baik, refleksi akan meningkatkan perkembangan individu.

 

Reflection is a metacognitive process that creates better understanding of yourself and the situation so that the impending action based on this understanding. Self-reflection is part of the attainment of introspection, the implementation of lifelong learning and self-regulated is an important aspect of professional development. Self-reflection or self-assessment is an important part and is one of the benefits of self-regulated learning. Self-reflection must be mastered by the student in the learning process so as to achieve a more optimal results. At this stage of observation reflection students are asked to look back at the experience of their learning activities that have been undertaken. Furthermore, students reflect on his experience and the results of this reflection they will draw lessons as a new understanding that will be applied to the next experience. To encourage the process of reflection is necessary to feedback from lecturers or tutors. Feedback will help the students to describe again the experience gained, communicating back and learn from the experience through. The still weak agreement on how to vote is a reflection of a barrier because the assessment is needed to identify the effectiveness of strategies for educational and research purposes. Ratings also has influence as a source of feedback (formative assessment) and determine who has achieved a level of competence (summative assessment). There are several methods that have been developed ratings reflection among which Mayo Evaluation of Reflection on Improvement Tool (MERIT) and The Reflection Evaluation for Learners' Enhanced Competencies Tool (REFLECT). MERIT method is designed to measure the quality of reflection resident in an unpleasant situation. Instruments on MERIT has validity and high internal konsistensiti to measure multiple dimensions of self-reflection, reflection of the system and its benefits. REFLECT method is a new section that was developed to assess the level of student reflection. Is an innovative and comprehensive approach for incorporating various aspects of the underlying reflection, compared with designs for reflection votes that have been there. When used properly, the reflection will enhance the development of the individual.

References

Kennedy JF. Education Techniques for Lifelong Learning; Lifelong Learning in the 21st Century and Beyond. Radiographics. 2009;29:625–626.

Mann K, Gordon J, MacLeod A. Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review. Adv. Health Sci. Educ. Theory Pract. 2009;14(4):595–621. doi:10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2.

Sandars J. AMEE Guide No . 44The use of reflection in medical education. Med. Teach. 2009;31(44):685–695. doi:10.1080/01421590903050374.

Kolb DA. Experiential learning : experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc; 2006.

Aukes LC, Geertsma J, Cohen-Schotanus J, Zwierstra RP, Slaets JPJ. The development of a scale to measure personal reflection in medical practice and education. Med. Teach. 2007;29(2-3):177–82. doi:10.1080/01421590701299272.

Epstein R, Gardner A. Visualizing reflection : the Float Model. In: The Float Model.; 2008:1–13.

Aukes LC, Geertsma J, Cohen-schotanus J, Zwierstra RP, Slaets JPJ. The Effect of Enhanced Experiential Learning on the Personal Reflection of Undergraduate Medical Students. 2008:1–10.

Metsemakers JF. Reflection : a link between receiving and using assessment feedback. Adv. Heal. Sci. Educ. 2009;14:399–410. doi:10.1007/s10459-008-9124-4.

Zimmerman BJ. Self Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview. Educ. Psychol. 1990;25:3–17.

Schunk D. Self Regulated Learning: The Educational Legacy of paul R. Pintrich. Educ. Psychol. 2005;40:85–94.

Marzano. The Need for a Revision of Bloom ’ s Taxonomy. In: The New Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.; 2006:1–20.

Lee A, Joynt GM, Ho AMH, Gin T, Hazlett CB. Effect of an integrated teaching intervention on clinical decision analysis : a randomized , controlled study of undergraduate medical students. 2007:231–236. doi:10.1080/01421590701287897.

Village EG. The Reflective Practitioner : Reaching for Excellencein Practice. Am. Acad. Pediatr. 2013;116:1546–1552. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0209.

Wittich CM, Reed D a, Drefahl MM, et al. Residents’ reflections on quality improvement: temporal stability and associations with preventability of adverse patient events. Acad. Med. 2011;86(6):737–41. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318217d25a.

Wald HS, Borkan JM, Taylor JS, Anthony D, Reis SP. Fostering and evaluating reflective capacity in medical education: developing the REFLECT rubric for assessing reflective writing. Acad. Med. 2012;87(1):41–50. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31823b55fa.

Published

2019-10-24

Citation Check