MALNUTRISI DAN ANEMIA PADA KEHAMILAN

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) merupakan keadaan dimana ibu mengalami kekurangan makanan selama menahun atau kronis yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan pada ibu sehingga kebutuhan ibu hamil akan zat gizi semakin tinggi untuk tidak terpenuhi. Terjadinya KEK diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan energi makronutrien seperti karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak maupun mikronutrien terutama vitamin A, vitamin D, asam folat, zat besi, seng, kalsium dan iodium. Kurangnya zat besi dan asam folat dapat menyebabkan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah berkurang, sehingga terjadi anemia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar Hb dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Beber. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang didapat dari buku kohort ibu bulan Januari-Desember 2019 di Puskesmas Beber Kabupaten Cirebon. Besar sampel 289 responden dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil: Analisis kadar Hb dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil didapatkan p-value <0,001 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar Hb dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beber Kabupaten Cirebon.

Kata Kunci: Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb), Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK)

 

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a condition where the mother experiences chronic or chronic food shortages which can lead to health problems in the mother so that the needs of pregnant women for nutrients are higher and not fulfilled. The cause of CED is a lack of energy intake from macronutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, and fat or micronutrients, especially vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, iron, zinc, calcium and iodine and others. Lack of iron and folic acid can cause hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood to change, especially anemia. Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between Hb levels and the incidence of CED in pregnant women at Beber Public Health Centre. Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design and was carried out from March to April 2021. This study used secondary data obtained from the maternal cohort book from January to December 2019 at the Beber Public Health Centre, Cirebon Regency. The sample size in this study was 289 and the sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with correlation spearman. Results: The results of the analysis of Hb levels with the incidence of CED in pregnant women obtained a p-value <0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research, there was a significant relationship between Hb levels and the incidence of KEK in pregnant women in the work area of Beber Public Health Centre, Cirebon Regency.

Keywords: Hemoglobin Level, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED).