Speech Act of Requests Found in Different Rating Films
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v6i2.1196Keywords:
speech acts, request, different ratings filmsAbstract
This study aims to find the forms of strategies and functions of requests in English that are used in several films with different ratings. Another objective of this research is to find the relations between the uses of strategies and functions of requests in English. Film is a picture of everyday life and we can see the cultures of a society, one of which is the use of language. To view the request speech acts in English, then two films that use English as a communication tool with regard to the different ratings were selected. The selection of films with different ratings are intended to see differences in the use of language in movies watched by children and adolescents. Rating in the selected movie consists of G (general audiences) and PG (parental guide suggested). Rating G is a film that is for the public, which means that the film can be watched by all ages. Rating PG is a movie that can be watched by children under parental guidance. Having found the forms and strategies of request speech acts in different films with different ratings, the situations and conditions of the use and the functions of request strategies were identified. Forms of speech act strategies invoked were classified based on the theory advanced by Trosborg (1995), while to see the functions of request speech acts Tsui’s Theory (1994) was used. As for achieving the objectives of this study, the authors use several effective methods. In collecting the data, the techniques used were watching and listening to the films that have been selected. Then recorded phrases of request speech acts found in the films. Once collected, the data were analyzed by using analysis technique proposed by Spradley (1980), ie domain analysis, taxonomic, componential and cultural value. From the analysis, it was concluded that there was no difference in strategies and functions used in the two films. Both use four strategies, namely indirect request, the hearer-oriented condition, speaker-based condition, and direct request. In addition, they also illustrate the same five functions of request speech acts, request for action, request for permission, offer, invitation, and proposal. The most frequently used strategy and function are direct request and request for action respectively.
References
Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, P. & Levinson, S.C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Finegan, E., Besnier, N., Blair, D., Collins, P. (1992). Language Its Structure and Use. Marricksville, NSW: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Group (Australia) Pty Ltd.
Grundy, P. (2000). Doing Pragmatics. London: Arnold.
Holtgraves, T.M. (2002). Language as Social Action. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kaelan. (2004). “Filsafat Analitis menurut Ludwig Wittgenstein: Relevansinya bagi Pengembangan Pragmatikâ€. Journal of Humaniora volume 16, No. 2, June 2004: 133-146.
Kaswanti Purwo, B. (1990). Pragmatik dan Pengajaran Bahasa Menyibak Kurikulum 1984.Yogyakarta: Kanisius Press.
Mey, J. (1993). Pragmatics. Oxford: United Kingdom.
Nadar, F.X. (2009). Pragmatik dan Penelitian Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Leech, G. (1993). Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik. (terjemahan) M.D.D. Oka. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
Levinson, S.C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oktoberia, L. (2012). Types of Directive Speech Acts Used in “Harry Potter-The Deathly Hallows†and “Bride Wars†Movie Scripts. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/ index.php/ell/article/download/1815/1553. Retrieved on November 10, 2016.
Parker, F. (1986). Linguistics for Non-Linguists. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Peter, S. 1991. Speech Act Theory, Discourse Structure and Indirect Speech Acts. England: The University of Leeds Press.
Santosa, R. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kebahasaan. Book draft. Surakarta: Fakultas Sastra dan Seni Rupa
Searle, J.R. (1969). A Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spradley, J.P. (1980). Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Sulasi, S. (2009). The Use of Request Expressions in The Film Entitled “Princess Diariesâ€. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.
Trosborg, A. (1995). Interlanguange Pragmatics. Germany: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
Wedding, D., Boyd, M.A., dan Ryan M.N. (2010) Movies and Mental Illness: Using Films to Understand Psychopathology 3rd Revised Edition. Massachusetts: Hogrefe Publishing.
Wijana, I Dewa Putu. (1996). Dasar-Dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Andi Press.
Wijayanti, I.I. (2013). The Expressions of Request Found in “Nanny Mc Phee and the Big Bang†Movie by Susanna White: Pragmatic Analysis. http://eprints.ums.ac. id/24570/15/PUBLICATION_ARTICLE. pdf. Retrieved on November 10, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 4.0 Internasional License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the works' authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Upon receiving the proofs, the Author/Editor agrees to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.
- Authors should submit the signed copyright transfer agreement form (CTA Form) along with the checked (and corrected proofs).
